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Return on capital (ROIC and ROE)

Check each year whether the business earns more than its cost of capital.

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Finance & unit economics

How it's worked out

  • ROIC = EBIT × (1 − tax) ÷ invested capital. ROE = net profit ÷ average equity. Economic profit = NOPAT − invested capital × WACC
  • Invested capital averaged over the year
NoteA positive spread over the cost of capital means growth creates value. A negative one means growth destroys it.

Source: McKinsey, Valuation (Koller et al.)

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