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Absence (Bradford factor)
Score absence patterns: frequent short absences weigh more than one long one.
People & organisationHow it's worked out
- B = S² × D, where S = spells and D = total days in a rolling year
- Same rolling period for everyone
NoteUse it to start a supportive conversation, never automatically. Exclude disability-related and protected absence.
Source: Bradford University School of Management (1980s); CIPD absence management
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